{"id":525,"date":"2017-01-10T09:13:23","date_gmt":"2017-01-10T16:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-optics-wp.pantheonsite.io\/visualopticslab\/?page_id=525"},"modified":"2022-04-14T15:30:21","modified_gmt":"2022-04-14T22:30:21","slug":"opti-415r-optical-specifications-fabrication-and-testing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/courses\/opti-415r-optical-specifications-fabrication-and-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"OPTI 415R: Optical Specifications, Fabrication and Testing"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/01\/Opti-415-Overview-1.pdf\">Opti 415 Overview<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/01\/Opti-415-Overview.pdf\"><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#required\">Required Texts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#recommended\">Recommended Texts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#notes\">Formal Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section1\">Section 1. Properties of Optical Systems<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section2\">Section 2. Fabrication of Optical Surfaces<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section3\">Section 3. Non-Interferometric Testing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section4\">Section 4. Basic Interferometry and Optical Testing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section5\">Section 5. Optical Specifications<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#homework\">Homework<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#homeworksolutions\">Homework Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#midterms\">Midterms<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#finals\">Finals<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#demos\">Demos<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#videos\">Videos<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"required\">Required Texts<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Schwiegerling J. Optical Specification, Fabrication and Testing. (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2014)\u00a0\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/ezproxy.library.arizona.edu\/login?url=http:\/\/search.ebscohost.com\/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;scope=site&amp;db=nlebk&amp;db=nlabk&amp;AN=923816\" target=\"_blank\">ebook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"recommended\">Recommended Texts<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Daniel Malacara&#8217;s OPTICAL SHOP TESTING: <a href=\"http:\/\/ezproxy.library.arizona.edu\/login?url=http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470135976\">eBook<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Warren Smith&#8217;s MODERN OPTICAL ENGINEERING:<\/li>\n<li>Bob Fischer&#8217;s OPTICAL SYSTEM DESIGN:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"notes\">Formal Notes<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Sections1.1-1.2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">TOC and Sections 1.1 and 1.2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Course Outline<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"section1\">1. Properties of Optical Systems<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>1.1. Optical Properties of a Single Spherical Surface (Brief Review)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.1Notes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.1.1. Refractive Surface: Radius, Curvature, Focal Length and Power<\/li>\n<li>1.1.2. Reflective Surface: Focal Length and Power<\/li>\n<li>1.1.3. Gaussian Imaging Equation<\/li>\n<li>1.1.4. Newton\u2019s Equation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>1.2. Aperture and Field Stops (Brief Review)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.2Notes.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.2Slides.pdf\">Slides<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.2.1. Aperture Stop Definition<\/li>\n<li>1.2.2. Marginal Ray<\/li>\n<li>1.2.3. Chief Ray<\/li>\n<li>1.2.4. Vignetting<\/li>\n<li>1.2.5. Field Stop Definition\n<ul>\n<li>1.2.5.1. Image Sensor as Field Stop\n<ul>\n<li>1.2.5.1.1. Standard CCD\/CMOS sensor dimensions <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Table.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Table<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>1.3. First Order Properties of an Optical System (Brief Review)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.3Notes.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.3Slides.pdf\">Slides<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/ISO10110_1.pdf\">ISO10110 Part 1 Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/01\/real-raytracing.pdf\">Real Raytracing<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.3.1. Gaussian Reduction (Conceptually)<\/li>\n<li>1.3.2. ynu raytrace <a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/US2031792-Fig2.xlsx\">Patent ynu example in Excel Spreadsheet<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.3.3. Cardinal Points<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.3.4. Entrance and Exit Pupils<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.3.5. Extension of Gaussian Imaging to Thick Systems<\/span><\/li>\n<li>1.3.6. Transverse and Longitudinal Magnification<\/li>\n<li>1.3.7. Lagrange invariant, Etendue, Throughput, A\u03a9 Product<\/li>\n<li>1.3.8. F-Number, Working F-Number and Numerical Aperture<\/li>\n<li>1.3.9. Depth of Field<\/li>\n<li>1.3.10. Field of View<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.3.11. Front and Back Focal Distances<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.3.11.1. Standard Flange distances for cameras<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>1.3.12 Real Raytracing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.4. Measurement of First Order Properties of Optical Systems <\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.4Notes.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.4.1. Measurements based on Gaussian Imaging Equation<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.4.2. Autocollimation Technique<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.4.3. Neutralization Test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.4.4. Focimeter<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.4.5. Focal Collimator<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.4.6. Reciprocal Magnification<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.4.7. Nodal-Slide Lens Bench<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5. Diffraction and Aberrations <\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.5Notes.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.5Slides.pdf\">Slides<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.5.1. Black Box Optical System based on Cardinal Points and Pupils.<\/li>\n<li>1.5.2. Wavefront Picture of Optical Imaging<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.3. Diffraction-Limited Systems and Connection to Fresnel Diffraction<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.4. Point Spread Function (PSF) calculation and dimensions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.5. Sign and Coordinate System Conventions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.6. Optical Path Length (OPL), Optical Path Difference (OPD), Wavefront Error<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.7. Transverse Ray Error and Spot Diagrams<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.8. Aberrations of Rotationally Symmetric Optical Systems<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.8.1. Piston,Tilt and Defocus<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.8.2. Seidel Aberrations<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.9. Aberrations of General Optical Systems<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.9.1. Examples of non-rotationally symmetric systems<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.9.2. Generalization of Seidel Aberrations to on-axis case<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.9.3. Zernike polynomials <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Zernike-Polynomials.pdf\">Table of Zernike polynomials up to 6th Order<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.5.9.3.1. Different variations found in literature<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.9.3.2. Normalization, Radial Polynomials, Azimuthal components<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.9.3.3. Examples of different orders of Zernike polynomials<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.9.3.4. Representation of complex wavefront as linear combination<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.9.3.5. Coordinate system conversions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.9.3.6. Pupil Size Conversion<\/span><\/li>\n<li>1.5.9.3.7. Fitting wavefront error to Zernike polynomials<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.10. Through-Focus PSF and Star Test<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.10.1. Diffraction Limited Case (Defocus)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.10.2. Seidel Spherical Aberration<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.10.3. Zernike Spherical Aberration<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.10.4. Astigmatism<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.10.5. Coma<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.11. Measurement of Distortion<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.11.1. Conventional case<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.5.11.2. Special Cases anamorphic, f\u03b8 lens. Scheimpflug<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6. Optical Quality Metrics <\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.6Notes.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.6Slides.pdf\">Slides<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.6.1. Resolution Targets\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.1.1. Rayleigh Criterion<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.2. Strehl Ratio<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.3. Peak-to-Valley, Wavefront Variance and RMS Wavefront Error<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.3.1. Relationship to Zernike Coefficients<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.3.2. Relationship to Strehl Ratio<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.4. Encircled and Ensquared Energy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.5. Optical Transfer Function (OTF)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.5.1. Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.5.2. Phase Transfer Function (PTF)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.5.3. Fourier Transform relationship to PSF<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.5.4. Autocorrelation of Pupil Function<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.6.5.5. Line Spread Function<\/span><\/li>\n<li>1.6.5.6. Siemens Star<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.7. Aspheric Surfaces<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section1.7Notes.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/ForbesQChebyshevSlides.pdf\">Slides<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1.7.1. Conics<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.7.2. Quadrics<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">1.7.3. Higher Order Aspheres<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>1.7.3.1 Forbes Q Polynomials\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/ForbesQNotes.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/ForbesQSlides.pdf\">Slides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>1.7.3.2 Chebyshev Polynomials\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/ChebyshevNotes.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>1.7.4. Torics and Biconics<\/li>\n<li>1.7.5. Cylinders<\/li>\n<li>1.7.6. ISO 10110 Parts 12 and 19<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"section2\">2. Fabrication of Optical Surfaces Notes Slides ISO 10110 Materials<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section2Notes.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section2Slides.pdf\">Slides<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/ISO10110Material.pdf\">ISO 10110 Materials<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>2.1. Optical Materials<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>2.1.1. Glass and Plastics<\/li>\n<li>2.1.2. Dispersion Formulas<\/li>\n<li>2.1.3. Infrared and Ultraviolet Materials<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>2.2. Grinding and Polishing Flats, Windows and Prisms<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>2.3. Grinding and Polishing Spherical Surfaces<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>2.4. Grinding and Polishing Aspheric Surfaces<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>2.5. Diamond Turning and Fast Tool Servo<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>2.6. Magnetorheological Finishing<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>2.7. Plastic Injection Molding<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>2.8. Glass Molding<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"section3\">3. Non-interferometric Testing<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section3Notes.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section3Slides.pdf\">Slides<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>3.1. Surface Radius of Curvature<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>3.1.1. Geneva Gauge<\/li>\n<li>3.1.2. Spherometer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>3.2. Wavefronts<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>3.2.1. Foucault Knife Edge Test<\/li>\n<li>3.2.2. Wire Test<\/li>\n<li>3.2.3. Ronchi Test<\/li>\n<li>3.2.4. Hartmann Screen Test<\/li>\n<li>3.2.5. Shack-Hartmann Sensor\n<ul>\n<li>3.2.5.1. Fitting Shack-Hartmann Data to Zernike polynomials<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3.2.6. Moire Deflectometry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"section4\">4. Basic Interferometry and Optical Testing<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/04\/Section4Notes_2018.pdf\">Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section4Slides.pdf\">Slides<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>4.1. Review of Two Beam Interference<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>4.1.1. Plane waves<\/li>\n<li>4.1.2. Spherical waves<\/li>\n<li>4.1.3. General wavefront shapes<\/li>\n<li>4.1.4. Visibility<\/li>\n<li>4.1.5. Coherence and Polarization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>4.2. Newton\u2019s Rings<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5fm38MDG9Bo&amp;feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\">Video<\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.2.1. Patterns<\/li>\n<li>4.2.2. Determining convexity<\/li>\n<li>4.2.3. Test Plates<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>4.3. Fizeau Interferometer<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>4.3.1. Classical Fizeau<\/li>\n<li>4.3.2. Configurations for Flats, Concave and Convex Surfaces<\/li>\n<li>4.3.3. Laser Fizeau<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.4. Twyman-Green Interferometer<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.4.1. Common Configurations<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.5. Mach-Zehnder Interferometer<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.5.1. Common Configurations<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.5.2. Single Pass<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.6. Lateral Shearing Interferometers <\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Jl6KgtGdTLE&amp;feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">Video<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li>4.6.1. Common Configurations<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.6.2. Derivatives of wavefronts<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.7. Interferograms<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.7.1. Seidel Aberrations<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.8. Phase-Shifting Interferometry<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.8.1. Phase Shifters<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.8.2. Algorithms<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.8.3. Phase unwrapping<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.8.4. Calibration and errors<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.9. Testing Aspheric Surfaces<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;line-height: 1.6em\">4.9.1. Computer Generated Holograms<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"section5\">5. Optical Specification<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Section5Slides.pdf\">Slides<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>5.1. ISO 1101 Standard<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>5.2. ISO 10110 Standard<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>5.2.1. General<\/li>\n<li>5.2.2. Stress Birefringence<\/li>\n<li>5.2.3. Bubbles and Inclusions<\/li>\n<li>5.2.4. Homogeneity<\/li>\n<li>5.2.5. Surface Form Errors<\/li>\n<li>5.2.6. Centering<\/li>\n<li>5.2.7. Surface Imperfections<\/li>\n<li>5.2.8. Texture<\/li>\n<li>5.2.9. Surface Treatment and Coatings<\/li>\n<li>5.2.10. Tables for Elements and Assemblies<\/li>\n<li>5.2.11. Non-toleranced Data<\/li>\n<li>5.2.12. Aspheric Surfaces<\/li>\n<li>5.2.13. Wavefront Deformation<\/li>\n<li>5.2.14. Laser Damage Threshold<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"homework\">Homework<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/01\/415HW1_2022.pdf\">Homework 1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/02\/415HW2_2022.pdf\">Homework 2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/02\/415HW3_2022.pdf\">Homework 3<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/BigDipper.bmp\">Big Dipper<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/ImageSim1.bmp\">Distortion.jpg<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/03\/415HW4_2022.pdf\">Homework 4<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/02\/HW4-Data_2018.txt\">HW4 Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/03\/415HW5_2022.pdf\">Homework 5<\/a>\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/03\/EdgeBlur256.bmp\">Edge Blur <\/a>\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/asphere515.txt\">Asphere Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/04\/415FinalProject_2022.pdf\">Final Project<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Moire.jpg\">Moire<\/a>\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2018\/04\/Interferograms.zip\">Interferograms<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"homeworksolutions\">Homework Solutions<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/02\/415HW1_2022-Solutions.pdf\">Homework 1 Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/02\/415HW2_2022-Solutions.pdf\">Homework 2 Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/02\/415HW3_2022-Solutions.pdf\">Homework 3 Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/03\/415HW4_2022-Solutions.pdf\">Homework 4 Solutions<\/a>\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2022\/03\/HW4-Q2-Zernike-Fit.zip\">HW4 Q2 Zernike Fit<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"midterms\">Midterms<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/515Midterm_2011-Solutions.pdf\">2011 Midterm 1 with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/515Midterm2_2011-Solutions.pdf\">2011 Midterm 2 with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/515Midterm_2012-Solutions.pdf\">2012 Midterm 1 with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/515Midterm2_2012-Solutions.pdf\">2012 Midterm 2 with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/OPTI515_2013-Midterm1-Solutions.pdf\">2013 Midterm 1 with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/Midterm2-2014-Solutions.pdf\">2014 Midterm 2 with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/515Midterm_2016-Solutions.pdf\">2016 Midterm 1 with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2019\/03\/Midterm2-2017-Solutions.pdf\">2017 Midterm 2 with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2019\/04\/Midterm1-2019-Solutions-1.pdf\">2019 Midterm 1 with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2020\/03\/Midterm1-2020-Solutions.pdf\">2020 Midterm 1 with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"finals\">Finals<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/515Final_2011-Solutions.pdf\">2011 Final with Solutions to Problems 1 and 2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2016\/08\/515Final_2013-Solutions.pdf\">2013 Final with Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"demos\">Demos<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Newton&#8217;s Rings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"videos\">Videos<\/h2>\n<h3>Fabrication Techniques<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Aspheric Mirror Fabrication and Testing Video Series\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=A7XO-TziBmc\" target=\"_blank\">A Fast Mirror Part 1, Before the Grind<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tYMMFbUi_UY\" target=\"_blank\">Making a Ceramic Tile and Dental Plaster Grinding Tool for the 20&#8243; f\/4.5 Telescope Mirror<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uM1scQXpJzE\" target=\"_blank\">Hogging the Curve on a 20&#8243; Quartz Telescope Mirror<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4Nw9LsBjJWU\" target=\"_blank\">Rough Grinding a 20&#8243; Quartz Telescope Mirror on the Fixed-Post Machine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=noBWSeozpkI\" target=\"_blank\">Fine Grinding a 20&#8243; Quartz Telescope Mirror<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WB1PHYXbCMk\" target=\"_blank\">Recycling Pitch for the 20&#8243; f\/4.5 Telescope Mirror<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hhip0u1vBns\" target=\"_blank\">Pouring a 15&#8243; Pitch Lap (Part 1) for the 20&#8243; f\/4.5 Telescope Mirror<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kxC_ABwVUPo\" target=\"_blank\">Channeling a 15&#8243; Pitch Lap (Part 2) for the 20&#8243; f\/4.5 Telescope Mirror<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=s4mXM7HyVJk\" target=\"_blank\">Rough Polishing the 20&#8243; f\/4.5 Telescope Mirror<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=E-FCZ71M5KU\" target=\"_blank\">Parabolizing a 20&#8243; Mirror, Part 1: Preparations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=F6JXk7uzR6s\" target=\"_blank\">Parabolizing a 20&#8243; Mirror, Part 2: Deepening the Curve<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fZ63nkaUSOY\" target=\"_blank\">Figuring a 20&#8243; Mirror, Part 1: Reducing a High Zone<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a3Lk1d9qZQY\" target=\"_blank\">Figuring a 20&#8243; Mirror, Part 2: Smoothing and Blending Techniques<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X7_wL0ZZi6k\" target=\"_blank\">Grinding and Polishing Spherical Lenses<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ohy0Tzh-dpc\" target=\"_blank\">Grinding and Polishing Aspheric Surfaces<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=62tha1Kxa2c\" target=\"_blank\">Diamond Turning Optical Surfaces<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gNCYw6tRRIk\" target=\"_blank\">Diamond Turning with Oscillating Tool Head<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Non-Interferometric Testing<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mLp_rSBzteI\" target=\"_blank\">Schlieren Optics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oWDQ9tTiKc0\" target=\"_blank\">Ronchi and Knife Edge Test<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Miscellaneous<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_w2GcUZ8rK0\" target=\"_blank\">Water Waves<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Opti 415 Overview Required Texts Recommended Texts Formal Notes Section 1. Properties of Optical Systems Section 2. Fabrication of Optical Surfaces Section 3. Non-Interferometric Testing Section 4. Basic Interferometry and Optical Testing Section 5. Optical Specifications Homework Homework Solutions Midterms Finals Demos Videos Required Texts Schwiegerling J. Optical Specification, Fabrication and Testing. (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2014)\u00a0\u00a0ebook Back to Top Recommended<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":0,"parent":37,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-525","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=525"}],"version-history":[{"count":101,"href":"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1411,"href":"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/525\/revisions\/1411"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.optics.arizona.edu\/visualopticslab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}