Papers

Publications by Year

2020

• G. Pavlopoulos, K. S. Kang, L. N. Holmen, N. P. Lyons, F. Akhoundi, K. J. Carothers, S. L. Jenkins, T. Lee, T. M. Kochenderfer, A. Phan, D. Phan, M. E. Mackay, I. B. Shim, K. Char, N. Peyghambarian, L. J. Lacomb, R. A. Norwood, and J. Pyun, “Polymer and magnetic nanoparticle composites with tunable magneto-optical activity: role of nanoparticle dispersion for high Verdet constant materials,” J Mater. Chem. C 8, 5417 (2020). 
• Mollaee, X. Zhu, S. Jenkins, J. Zong, E. Temyanko, R. Norwood, A. Chavez-Pirson, M. Li, D. Zelmon, and N. Peyghambarian, “Magneto-optical properties of highly Dy³⁺ doped multicomponent glasses,” Optics Express 28, 11789 (2020).
• S. Kleine, J. I. Frish, N. G. Pavlopoulos, S. A. Showghi, R. Himmelhuber, R. A. Norwood, and J. Pyun, “Refractive index contrast polymers: Photoresponsive systems with spatial modulation of refractive index for photonics,” ACS Macroletters 9, 416 (2020). 
• S. Kleine, R. S. Glass, D. L. Lichtenberger, M. E. Mackay, K. Char, R. A. Norwood, and J. Pyun, “100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: High refractive index polymers with elemental sulfur for infrared thermal imaging and optics,”  ACS Macroletters 9, 245 (2020). 

2019

• S. Kleine, T. Lee, K. J. Carothers, M. O. Hamilton, L. E. Anderson, L Ruiz Diaz, N. P. Lyons, K. R. Coasey, W. O. Parker, Jr., L. Borghi, M. E. Mackay, K. Char, R. S. Glass, D. L. Lichtenberger, R. A. Norwood, and J. Pyun, “Infrared fingerprint engineering: A molecular design approach to long-wave infared transparency with polymeric materials,” Angewandte Chemie 131, 1 (2019). 
• Wu, X. Zhu, C. Xia, H. Wei, K. Wiersma, M. Li, J. Zong, A. Chavez-Pirson, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Investigation of ion-ion interaction effects on Yb³⁺-doped fiber amplifiers,” Optics Express 27, 28179 (2019).
• Ma, X. Zhu, L. Yang, M. Tong, R. A. Norwood, H. Wei, Y. Chu, H. Li, N. Dai, J. Peng, J. Li and N. Peyghambarian, “Numerical investigation of GHz repetition rate fundamentally mode-locked all-fiber lasers,” Optics Express 27, 14487 (2019).
• Akhoundi, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Low-cost magneto-optic sensor based on tapered fiber and distributed sensing concept,” IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 31, 901 (2019).
• Arouh, R. Himmelhuber, and R. A. Norwood, “SiO₂ and TiO₂ blends with tunable optical and electronic properties,” MRS Advances 4, 689 (2019).
• Cui, N. P. Lyons, L. Ruiz Diaz, R. Ketchum, K.-J. Kim, H.-C. Yuan, M. Frasier, W. Pan, and R. A. Norwood, “ Silicone optical elements for cost-effective freeform solar concentration,” Optics Express 27, A572 (2019).

2018

• S. Kleine, L. Ruiz-Diaz, K. M. Konopka, L. E. Anderson, N. G. Pavlopolous, N. P. Lyons, E. T. Kim, Y. Kim, R. S. Glass, K. Char, R. A. Norwood, and J. Pyun, “One-dimensional photonic crystals using ultrahigh refractive index chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymers,” ACS Macro Letters 7, 875 (2018).
• Babaeian, P. Kieffer, M. A. Neifeld, R. Thamvichal, R. A. Norwood, P.-A. Blanche, J. Wissinger, and N. Peyghambarian, “Optical versus electronic implementation of probabilistic graphical inference and experimental device demonstration using nonlinear photonics,” IEEE Phot. Jour. 10, 7801412 (2018).
• Babaeian, P.-A. Blanche, R. A. Norwood, T. Kaplas, P. Kieffer, Y. Svirko, T. G. Allen, V. W. Chen, S.-H. Chi, J. W. Perry, S. R. Marder, M. A. Neifeld, and N. Peyghambarian, “Nonlinear optical components for all-optical probabilistic graphical model,” Nature Communications 9, 2128 (2018).
• Babaeian, L. Ruiz Diaz, S. Namnabat, T. S. Kleine, A. Azarm, J. Pyun, N. Peyghambarian, ane R. A. Norwood, “Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymers (CHIPs) using the Z-scan technique,” Optical Materials Express 8, 2510 (2018).
• Amirsolaimani, P. Gangopadhyay, A. P. Persoons, S. A. Showghi, L. J. Lacomb, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, Optics Letters 43, 4615 (2018).
• Autere, H. Jussila, A. Marini, J.R.M. Saavedra, Y. Dai, A. Säynätjoki, L. Karvonen, H. Yang, B. Amirsolaimani, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, H. Lipsanen, K. Kieu, F. Javier Garcia De Abajo, and Z. Sun, “Optical harmonic generation in monolayer group-VI transition metal dichalcogenides,” Phys. Rev. B. 98, 115426 (2018).
• Ruiz Diaz, B. Cocilovo, A. Miles, W. Pan, P.-A. Blanche, and R. A. Norwood, “Optical and mechanical tolerances in hybrid concentrated thermal-PV solar trough,” Optics Express 26, A602 (2018).
• Wu, X. Zhu, K. Wiersma, M. Li, J. Zong, A. Chavez-Pirson, V. Temyanko, L. J. LaComb, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Power scalable 10W 976nm single-frequency linearly polarized laser source,” Optics Letters 43, 951 (2018).
• V. P. Drachev, A. V. Kildishev, J. D. Borneman, K.-P. Chen, V. M. Shalaev, K. Yamnitskiy, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, S. R. Marder, L. A. Padilha, S. Webster, T. R. Ensley, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Engineered nonlinear materials using gold nanoantenna array,” Scientific Reports 8, 780 (2018).

2017

• Namnabat, K.-J. Kim, A. Jones, R. Himmelhuber, C. T. DeRose, D. C. Trotter, A. L. Starbuck, A. Promene, A. L. Lentine, and R. A. Norwood “Athermal silicon optical add-drop multiplexers based on thermo-optic coefficient tuning of sol-gel material,” Opt. Exp. 25, 21471 (2017).
• Karvonen, A. Saynatjoki, M. J. Huttunen, A. Autere, B. Amirsolaimani, S. Li, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, H. Lipsanen, G. Eda, K. Kieu, and Z. Sun, “Rapid visualization of grain boundaries in monolayer MoS₂ by multiphoton microscopy,” Nature Communications 8, 15714 (2017).
• Luo, D. H. Park, R. Himmelhuber, Z.-L. Zhu, M. Li, R. A. Norwood, and A. K.-Y. Jen, “Efficient wafer-scale poling of electro-optic polymer thin films on soda-lime glass substrates: large second-order nonlinear coefficients and exceptional homogeneity of optical birefringence,” Optical Materials Express 7, 1909 (2017).
• Säynätjoki, L. Karvonen, H. Rostami, A. Autere, S. Mehravar, A. Lombardo, R. A. Norwood, T. Hasan, N. Peyghambarian, H. Lipsanen, K. Kiue, A. C. Ferrari, M. Polini, and Z. Sun, “Ultra-strong nonlinear optical processes and trigonal warping in MoS₂ layers,” Nature Communications 8, 893 (2017).
• Miles, Y. Gai, P. Gangopadhyay, X. Wang, R. A. Norwood, and J. J. Watkins, “Improving Faraday rotation performance with block copolymer and FePt nanoparticle magneto-optical composite,” Optical Materials Express 7, 2126 (2017).
• L. E. Anderson, T. S. Kleine, Y. Zhang, D. D. Phan, S. Namnabat, E. A. LaVilla, K. M. Konopka, L. Ruiz Diaz, M. S. Manchester, J. Schwiegerling, R. S. Glass, M. E. Mackay, K. Char, R. A. Norwood, and J. Pyun, “Chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymers: Ultrahigh refractive index polymers for infrared imaging,” ACS Macroletters 6, 500 (2017).
• Wu, X. Zhu, V. Temyanko, L. LaComb, L.Kotov, K. Kiersma, J. Zong, M. Li, A. Chavez-Pirson, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Yb³⁺-doped double-clad phosphate fiber for 976nm single-frequency laser amplifiers” Opt. Mat. Express 7, 1310 (2017).

2016

• Liu, W. Shi, D. Xu, X. Zhang, J. Yao, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “High-power, high-brightness terahertz source based on nonlinear optical crystal fiber,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Ele. 22, 8500105 (2016). 
• Mei, K. Zhong, M. Wang, Y. Liu, D. Xu, W. Shi, Y. Wang, J. Yao, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Widely-tunable high-repetition-rate terahertz generaton in GaSe with a compact dual-wavelength KTP OPO around 2 mm,” Optics Express 24, 23368 (2016).
• Yang, L. Zhang, Y. Feng, X. Zhu, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Mode-locked Ho³⁺-doped ZBLAN fiber laser at 1.2mm,” J. Lightwave Technology 34, 4266 (2016).
• S. Kleine, N. A. Nguyen, L. E. Anderson, S. Namnabat, E. A. Lavilla, S. A. Showgi, P. T. Dirlam, C. B. Arrington, M. S. Manchester, J. Schwiegerling, R. S. Glass, K. Char, R. A. Norwood, M. E. Mackay, and J. Pyun, “High refractive index copolymers with improved thermomechanical properties via the inverse vulcanization of sulfur and 1,3,5-triisopropenylbenzene,” ACS Macroletters 5, 1152 (2016).
• Shahin, P. Gangopadhyay, and R. A. Norwood, “Plasmonically induced potential in metal-semiconductor composites,” Advanced Optical Materials DOI: 10.1002/adom.2011600428 (2016).
• Mei, K. Zhong, M. Wang, P. Liu, D. Xu, Y. Wang, W. Shi, J. Yao, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “High-repetition rate terahertz generation in QPM GaAs with a compact efficient 2-mm KTP OPO,” IEEE Photonics Tech. Lett. 28, 1501 (2016).
• -P. Song, S. Shahin, W. Xie, S. Mehravar, X. Liu, C. Li, R. A. Norwood, J.-H. Lee, and J. J. Watkins, “Directed assembly of quantum dots using brush block copolymers for well-ordered nonlinear optical nanocomposites,” Macromolecules 49, 5068 (2016).
• Mehravar, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, and K. Kieu, “Real-time dual-comb spectroscopy with a free-running bidirectionally mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 231104 (2016).
• A. Blanche, B. Lynn, D. Churin, K. Kieu, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Diffraction response of photorefractive polymers over nine orders of magnitude of pulse duration,” Scientific Reports 6, 29027 (2016).
• Zhu, X. Zhu, F. Wang, S. Xu, Y. Li, X. Guo, K. Balakrishnan, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Graphene mode-locked fiber laser at 2.8mm,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28, 7 (2016).
• Susoma, L. Karvonen, A. Saynatjoki, S. Mehravar, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, K. Kieu, H. Kipsanen, and J. Riikonen, “Second and third harmonic generation in few-layer gallium telluride characterized by multiphoton microscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 073103 (2016).
• Fu, G. Shi, Q. Sheng, W. Shi, X. Zhu, J. Yan, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Dual-wavelength fiber laser operating avove 2 mm based on cascaded single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber structures,” Optics Express 24, 11282 (2016).
• Miles, B. Cocilovo, B. Wheelwright, W. Pan, D. Tweet, and R. A. Norwood, “Designing spectrum-splitting dichroic filters to optimized current-matched photovoltaics,” Applied Optics 55, 1849 (2016).
• Mehravar, B. Banerjee, H. Chatrath, B. Amirsolaimani, K. Patel, C. Patel, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, and K. Kieu, “Label-free multi-photon imaging of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” Biomedical Optics Express 7, 148 (2016).

2015

• Cocilovo, A. Hashimura, D. J. Tweet, T. Voutsas, and R. A. Norwood, “Highly transparent light-harvesting window film,” Applied Optics 54, 8990 (2015).
• Himmelhuber, R. A. Norwood, Y. Enami, and N. Peyghambarian, “Sol-gel material-enabled electro-optic polymer modulators,” Sensors 15, 18239 (2015).
• A. Khosroadbadi, P. Gangopadhyay, S. Hernandez, K. Kim, N. Peyghambarian, and R. A. Norwoood, “Nanoimprinted hybrid metal-semiconductor plasmonic multilayers with controlled surface nano architecture for applications in NIR detectors,” Materials 8, 5028 (2015).
• Fu, Q. Sheng, X. Zhu, W. Shi, J. Yao, G. Shi, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Passive Q-switching of an all-fiber laser induced by the Kerr effect of mulitimode interference,” Optics Express 23, 17255 (2015).
• Liu, W. Shi, D. Xu, X. Zhang, J. Yao, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “High-power high-brightness terahertz source based on nonlinear optical crystal fiber,” IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 22, 4900606 (2015).
• Jones, C. T. DeRose, A. L. Lentine, A. Starbuck, A. T. S. Pomerene, and R. A. Norwood, “Racetrack resonator as a loss measurement platform for photonic components,” Optics Express 23, 28883 (2015).
• Gowda, N. Nguyen, J.-C. Diels, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, and K. Kieu, “All-fiber bidirectional optical parametric oscillator for precision sensing,” Optics Letters 40, 2033 (2015).
• Churin, J. Olson, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, and K. Kieu, “High-power synchronously pumped femtosecond Raman fiber laser,” Optics Letters 40, 2529 (2015).
• Zhu, L. Geng, X. Zhu, L. Li, Q. Chen, R. A. Norwood, T. Manzur, and N. Peyghambarian, “Towards ten-watt 3-5 mm Raman lasers using tellurite fiber,” Optics Express 23, 7559 (2015).
• Karvonen, A. Saynatjoki, S. Mehravar, R. D. Rodriguez, S. Hartmann, D. R. T. Zahn, S. Honkanen, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, K. Kieu, H. Lipsanen, and J. Riikonen, “Investigation of second- and third-harmonic generation in few-layer gallium selenide by multiphoton microscopy,” Scientific Reports 5, 10334 (2015).
• Griebel, N. A. Nguyen, S. Namnabat, L E. Anderson, R. S. Glass, R. A. Norwood, M. E. Mackay, K. Char, and J Pyun, “Dynamic covalent polymers via inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur for healable infrared optical materials,” ACS Macro Letters 4, 862 (2015).
• Cocilovo, O. D. Herrera, S. Mehravar, Y. Fang, K. H. Sandhage, K. Kieu, and R. A. Norwood, “Surface-enhanced two-photon excitation fluorescence of various fluorophores evaluated using a multiphoton microscope,” Journal of Lightwave Technology 33, 3446 (2015).
• Lynn, A. Miles, S. Mehravar, P.-A. Blanche, K. Kieu, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambaran, “Real-time imaging of chromophore alignment in photorefractive polymer devices through multiphoton microscopy,” MRS Communications doi:10.1557/mrc2015.31 (2015).  
• Liu, X. Zhu, G. Zhu, K. Balakrishnan, J. Zong, K. Wiersma, A. Chavez-Pirson, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Graphene Q-switched Ho³⁺-doped ZBLAN fiber laser at 1190nm,” Opt. Lett. 40, 147 (2015). 

2014

• Shahin, S. Mehravar, P. Ganopadhyay, N. Peyghambarian, R. A. Norwood, and K. Kieu, “Multiphoton microscopy as a detection tool for photobleaching in EO materials,” Optics Express 22, 30955 (2014).
• Shahin, K. Kieu, J. M. Hales, H. Kim, Y. A. Getmanenko, Y. Zhang, J. W. Perry, S. R. Marder, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Third-order nonlinear optical characterization of organic chromophores using liquid-core optical fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31, 2455 (2014).
• Zhu, X. Zhu, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Experimental and numerical investigations on Q-switched laser-seeded fiber MOPA at 2.8 µm,” J. Lightwave Technol. 32, 3951 (2014).
• A. Khosroadbadi, D. L. Matz, P. Gangopadhyay, J. E. Pemberton, and R. A. Norwood, “Study of the C₆₀/Ag interface of a large area nanoarchitectured Ag substrate using surface-enhanced Raman scattering,” J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 18027 (2014).
• Shi, Q. Fang, X. Zhu, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Fiber lasers and their applications,” Applied Optics 53, 6554 (2014).
• Demir, R. Voorakaranam, R. Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Microwave properties of MAPTMS sol-gel films for high-speed electrooptic devices,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory & Techniques 62, 1599 (2014).
• Watarai, P. Gangopadhyay, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Total internal reflection magneto-optical detection of dysprosium (III) ions adsorbed at liquid-liquid interface,” Chemistry Letters 43, 1651 (2014).
• B. Duong†, H. Khurshid†, P. Gangopadhyay†, J. Devkota, K. Stojak, H. Srikanth, L. Tetard, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, M.-H. Phan and J. Thomas, “Enhanced magnetism in highly ordered magnetite nanoparticle-filled nanohole arrays” Small 10, 2840 (2014).
• T. Nguyen and R. A. Norwood, “A novel approach for microsensing: Detecting and identifying eigenmodes of sensing objects,” Journal of Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.S7-015 (2014).
• Kieu, C. Li, Y. Fang, G. Cohoon, O. D. Herrera, M. Hildebrand, K. H. Sandhage, and R. A. Norwood, “Structure-based optical filtering by the silica microshell of the centric marine diatom Cosconodiscus wailessi,” Optics Express 22, 15992 (2014).
• Zhu, J. Zong, K. Wiersman, R. Norwood, N. Prasad, M. Obland, A. Chavez-Pirson, and N. Peyghambarian, “Watt-level short-length Ho³⁺-doped ZBLAN fiber laser at 1.2 mm,” Opt. Lett. 39, 1533 (2014).
• C. Lau, R. A. Norwood. M. Mansuripur, and N. Peyghambarian, “An effective nanosensor for organic molecules based on water-soluble mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdTe nanocrystals with potential application in high-throughput screening and high-resolution optical microscopy,” Biomedical Optics Express 5, 2420 (2014).
• O.D. Herrera, K.-J. Kim, R. Voorakaranam, R. Himmelhuber, S. Wang, Q. Zhan, L. Li, R. A. Norwood, R. L. Nelson, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “Silica/electro-optic polymer optical modulator with integrated antenna for microwave receiving,” IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology DOI10.1109/JLT.2014.2316672 (2014).
• A. Cohoon, K. Kieu, and R. A. Norwood, “Observation of two-photon fluorescence for Rhodamine 6G in microbubble resonators,” Optics Letters 39, 3098 (2014).
• Himmelhuber, S. S. Mehravar, O. D. Herrera, V. Demir, K. Kieu, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Characterization of coplanar poled electro optic polymer films for Si-photonic devices with multiphoton microscopy,” Applied Physics Letters 104, 161109 (2014).
• V. Demir, P. Gangopadhyay, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Faraday rotation of cobalt ferrite nanoparticle polymer composite films at cryogenic temperature,” Applied Optics 53, 2087 (2014).
• Griebel, S. Namnabat, E. T. Kim, R. Himmelhuber, D. Moranta, W. J. Chung, A. G. Simmonds, K.-J. Kim, J. van der Laan, N. A. Nguyen, E. L. Dereniak, M. E. Mackay, K. Char, R. S. Glass, R. A. Norwood, and J. Pyun, “New infrared transmitting material via inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur to prepare high refractive index polymer,” Advanced Materials DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305607 (2014).
• O.D. Herrera, L. Schneebeli, K. Kieu, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Raman-induced frequency shift in CS₂ filled integrated liquid-core optical fiber,” Optics Communications 318, 83 (2014).
• J. He, R. A. Norwood, M. Brandt-Pearce, I. B. Djordjevic, M. Cvijetic, S. Subramanian, R. Himmelhuber, C. Reynolds, P. Blanche, B. Lynn, and N. Peyghambarian, “A survery on recent advances in optical communications,” Computers and Electrical Engineering (in press, January 2014).

2013

• Himmelhuber, O. D. Herrera, R. Voorakaram, L. Li, A. M. Jones, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “A silicon-polymer hybrid modulator-design, simulation and proof of principle,” J. Lightwave Technology 31, 4067 (2013).
• Lynn, P.-A. Blanche, A. Miles, J. Wissinger, D. Carothers, L. LaComb, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Design and preliminary implementation of an N x N diffractive all-optical fiber optic switch,” J. Lightwave Technology 31, 4016 (2013).
• Wei, X. Zhu, R. A. Norwood, F. Song, and N. Peyghambarian, “Numerical investigation on high-power mid-infrared supercontinuum fiber lasers pumped at 3 mm,” Optics Express 21, 29489 (2013).
• C. Lau, Z. Zhu, R. A. Norwood, M. Mansuripur, and N. Peyghambarian, “Thermally robust and blinking suppressed core/graded-shell CdSe/CdSe_1-xS_x/CdS ‘giant’ multishell semiconductor nanocrystals,” Nanotechnology 24, 475705 (2013).
• Schneebeli, K. Kieu, E. Merzlyak, J. M. Hales, A. DeSimone, J. W. Perry, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Measurement of the Raman gain coefficient via inverse Raman scattering,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 30, 2930 (2013).
• Säynätjoki, L. Karvonen, J. Riikonen, W. Kim, S. Mehravar, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, H. Lipsanen, and K. Kieu, “Rapid large-area multiphoton microscopy for characterization of graphene,” ACS Nano 7, 8441 (2013).
• Alasaarela, L. Karnoven, H. Jussila, A. Saynatjoki, S. Mehravar, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, K. Kieu, I. Tittonen, and H. Lipsanen, “High quality crystallnitiy controlled ALD TiO₂ for waveguiding applications,” Opt. Lett. 38, 3980 (2013).
• A. Khosroabadi, P. Gangopadhyay, B. Cocilovo, L. Makai, P. Basa, B. Duong, J. Thomas, and R. A. Norwood, “Spectroscopic ellipsometry on metal and metal-oxide multilayer hybrid plasmonic nanostructures,” Optics Letters 38, 3969 (2013).
• Wei, X. Zhu, F. Wang, Y. Xu, K. Balakrishnan, F. Song, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Graphene Q-switched 2.78 mm Er³⁺-doped fluoride fiber laser,” Optics Letters 38, 3233 (2013).
• Kieu, S. Mehravar, R. Gowda, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Label-free multi-photon imaging using a compact femtosecond fiber laser mode-locked by carbon nanotube saturable absorber,” Biomedical Optics Exress 4, 2187 (2013).
• G. Zhu, X. Zhu, K. Balakrishnan, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Fe²⁺:ZnSe and graphene Q-switched singly Ho³⁺ doped ZBLAN fiber lasers at 3mm,” Optical Materials Express 3, 1365 (2013).
• X. Zhu, G. Zhu, W. Shi, J. Zong, K. Wiersma, D. Nguyen, R. A. Norwood, A. Chavez-Pirson, and N. Peyghambarian, “976nm single-polarization single-frequency ytterbium-doped phosphate fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 25, 1365 (2013).
• Z. Wang, P. Ingram, C. L. Greenlee, R. Olafsson, R. A. Norwood, and R. S. Witte, “Design considerations and performance of MEMS acoustoelectric ultrasound detectors,” IEEE Trans. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 60, 1906 (2013).
• D. Churin, T. N. Nguyen, K. Kieu, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Mid-IR supercontinuum generation in an integrated liquid-core optical fiber filled with CS₂,” Optical Materials Express 3, 1358 (2013).
• L. Karvonen, A. Saynatjoki, Y. Chen, H. Jussila, J. Ronn, M. Ruoho, T. Alasaarela, S. Kujala, R. A. Nowood, N. Peyghambarian, K. Kieu, and S. Honkanen, “Enhancement of the third-order optical nonlinearity in ZnO/Al₂O₃ nanolaminates fabricated by atomic layer deposition,” Applied Physics Letters 103, 031903 (2013).
• A. A. Khosroabadi, P. Gangopadhyay, B. Duong, J. Thomas, A. K. Sigdel, J. J. Berry, T. Gennett, N. Peyghambarian, and R. A. Norwood, “Fabrication, electrical and optical properties of silver, indium tin oxide (ITO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO) nanostructure arrays,” Phys. Stat. Solidi A 210, 831 (2013).
• A. M. Jones, C. T. DeRose, A. L. Lentine, D. C. Trotter, A. L. Starbuck, and R. A. Norwood, “Ultra-low crosstalk, CMOS compatible waveguide crossings for densely integrated photonic interconnection networks,” Optics Express 21, 12002 (2013).
• O. Herrera, L. Schneebeli, K. Kieu, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Slow light based on stimulated Raman scattering in an integrated liquid-core optical fiber filled with CS₂,” Optics Express 21, 8821 (2013).
• K. Tada, G. Cohoon, K. Kieu, M. Mansuripur, and R. A. Norwood, “Fabrication of high-Q microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining,” IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 25, 430 (2013).
• B. Cocilovo, A. Amooali, A. Lopez-Santiago, J. Favela, S. Islam, B. Duong, P. Gangopadhyay, M. Fallahi, J. E. Pemberton, J. Thomas, and R. A. Norwood, “Effect of modular diffraction gratings on absorption in P3HT:PCBM layers,” Applied Optics 52, 1025 (2013).\K. Kieu, D. Churin, L. Schneebeli, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Brillouin lasing in integrated liquid-core optical fiber,” Optics Letters 38, 543 (2013).
• D. Nguyen and R. A. Norwood, “Label-free, single-object sensing with a microring resonator: FDTD simulation,” Optics Express 21, 49 (2013).
• P. C. Lau, R. A. Norwood, M. Mansuripur, and N. Peyghambarian, “An effective and simple oxygen nanosensor made from MPA-capped water soluble CdTe nanocrystals,” Nanotechnology 24, 015501 (2013).

2012

• A. Lopez-Santiago, H. R. Grant, P. Gangopadhyay, R.  Voorakaranam, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, “Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles polymer composites based all-optical magnetometer,” Opt. Mat. Express 2, 978 (2012).
• K. Kieu, L. Schneebeli, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Integrated liquid-core optical fibers for ultra-efficient nonlinear liquid photonics,” Opt. Express 20, 8148 (2012). 
• K. Kieu, L. Scheebeli, E. Merzlyak, J. M. Hales, A. DeSimone, J. W. Perry, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “All-optical switching based on inverse Raman scattering in liquid-core optical fibers,” Optics Letters 37, 942 (2012).
• X. Zhu, J. Wang, D. Nguyen, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Linear and nonlinear optical properties of Co₃O₄ nanoparticle-doped polyvinyl-alcohol thin films,” Optical Materials Express 2, 103 (2012).

2011

• B. Boulanger, S. T. Cundiff, D. J. Gauthier, M. Karlsson, Y. Lu, R. A. Norwood, D. Skryabin, and T. Taira, “Focus issue introduction:  nonlinear optics,” Optics Express 19, 23561 (2011).
• C. Sheng, Q. Chen, R. A. Norwood, J. Wang, J. Thomas, and N. Peyghambarian, “Simple way for achieving passive all-optical switching for continuous wave lasers using pure nematic liquid crystal,” Appl. Optics  50, 5788 (2011).
• N. Peyghambarian, P.-A. Blanche, C. W. Christenson, R. A. Norwood, and M. Yamamoto, “Photorefractive polymers for holographic 3D display,” Optics and Photonics News 22, 51 (2011).
• J. Thomas, P. Gangopadhyay, E. Araci, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Nanoimprinting by Melt Processing:  An easy technique to fabricate versatile nanostructures,” Advanced Materials 23, 4782 (2011).
• C. W. Christenson, C. Greenlee, B. Lynn, J. Thomas, P.-A. Blanche, R. Voorakaranam, P. St. Hilaire, L. J. Lacomb, Jr., R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto, and N. Peyghambarian, “Interdigitated coplanar electrodes for enhanced sensitivity in a photorefractive polymer,” Optics Letters 36, 3377 (2011).
• C. Greenlee, J. Luo, K. Leedy, B. Bayraktaroglu, R. A. Norwood, M. Fallahi, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “Electro-optic polymer spatial light modulator based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer configuration,” Optics Express 19, 12750 (2011).
• R. Himmelhuber, P. Gangopadhyay, R. A. Norwood, D. A. Loy, and N. Peyghambarian, “Titanium oxide sol-gel films with tunable refractive index,” Optical Materials Express 1, 252 (2011).
• J. Thomas, C. W. Christenson, P. A. Blanche, M. Yamamoto, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Photoconducting polymers for photorefractive 3D display applications,” Chem. Mat. 23, 416 (2011).
• K. Kieu, L. Schneebeli, J. M. Hales, J. W. Perry, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Demonstration of Zeno switching through inverse Raman scattering in an optical fiber, Optics Express 19, 12532 (2011).
• J. A. Nagel, V. Temyanko, J. Dobler, E.M. Dianov, A.S. Biriukov, A. A. Sysoliatin, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “High-power narrow-linewidth continuous-wave Raman amplifier at 1.27mm,” IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 23, 585 (2011). 
• Y. Wu, J. Wang, X. Kong, C. Sheng, R. Wang, N. Peyghambarian, R. A. Norwood, and Z. Zheng, “A dinuclear europium(III) complex with tenoyltrifluoroacetonato and 1-(2-pyriylzao)-2-naphtholato ligands and its optical properties,” Inorganic Chimica Acta 370, 346 (2011).
• V. Demir, I. E. Araci, A. Kropachev, T. Skothieim, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Nanoamorphous carbon as a blackbody source in plasmonic thermal emitters,” Appl. Optics 50, 218 (2011).

2010

• P. A. Blanche, A. Bablumian, R. Voorakaranam, C. Christenson, W. Lin, T. Gu, D. Flores, P. Wang, W.-Y. Hsieh, M. Kathaperumal, B. Rachwal, O. Siddiqui, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto, and N. Peyghambarian, “Holographic three-dimensional telepresence using large-area photorefractive polymer,” Nature 468, 80 (2010).
• C. W. Christenson, P. Blanche, S. Tay, R. Voorakaranam, T. Gu, W. Lin, P. Wang, M. Yamamoto, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Materials for an updatable holographic 3D display,” J. Disp. Tech. 6, 510 (2010). 
• X. Zhu, J. Wang, P. Lau, D. Nguyen, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Nonlinear optical performance of periodic structures made from composites of polymers and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 093503 (2010).
• P. Gangopadhyay, A. Lopez-Santiago, R. Voorakaranam, R. Himmelhuber, C. Greenlee, J. Thomas, A. Persoons, R. A. Norwood, T. Verbiest, H. Yamada and N. Peyghambarian, Magnetite–polymethylmethacrylate core–shell anocomposites: Applications in all-optical magnetometers,” Nonlinear Optics and Quantum Optics, 47, 87 (2010).
• D. T. Nguyen, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Multiple spectral window mirrors based on Fibonacci chains of dielectric layers,” Opt. Comm. 283, 4199 (2010).
• I. E. Araci, R. Himmelhuber, C. T. DeRose, J. D. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Alignment-free fabrication of a hybrid electro-optic polymer/ion-exchange glass coplanar modulator,” Optics Express 18, 21038 (2010).
• I. E. Araci, V. Demir, A. Kropachev, T. Skotheim, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Mechanical and thermal stability of plasmonic emitters on flexible polyimide substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041102 (2010).
• J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Nonlinear optical polymers for photorefractive applications,” J. Mater. Chem. 19, 7476 (2010). 
• C. Greenlee, A. Guilmo, A. Opadeyi, R. Himmelhuber, R. A. Norwood, M. Fallahi, J. Luo, S. Huang, X.-H. Zhou, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “Mach-Zehnder interferometry method for decoupling electro-optic and piezoelectric effects in poled polymer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 041109 (2010).
• C. W. Christenson, J. Thomas, P.-A. Blanche, R. Voorakaranam, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto, and N. Peyghambarian, “Grating dynamics in a photorefractive polymer with Alq₃ electron traps,” Optics Express 18, 9358 (2010).

2009

• A. Lopez-Santiago, P. Gangopadhyay, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, A. Persoons, and N. Peyghambarian, “Faraday rotation in magnetite-polymethylmethacrylate core-shell nanocomposites with high optical quality,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 143302 (2009).
• X. Chen, J. Thomas, P. Gangopadhyay, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, and D. V. McGrath, “Modification of symmetrically substituted phthalocyanines using Click chemistry:  Phthalocyanine nanostructures by nanoimprint lithography,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.  131, 13840 (2009).
• C. Sheng, R. A. Norwood, J. Wang, J. Thomas, D. Steeves, B. Kimball, and N. Peyghambarian, “Nonlinear optical transmission of lead phthalocyanine doped nematic liquid crystal composites for  multiscale  nonlinear switching from nanosecond to continuous wave,” Appl. Optics 48, 2731 (2009).
• C. T. DeRose, R. Himmelhuber, D. Mathine, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “High delta n strip loaded electro-optic polymer waveguide modulator with low insertion loss,” Optics Express 17, 3316 (2009).
• Y. Enami, D. Mathine, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “Hybrid electro-optic polymer/sol-gel waveguide directional coupler switches,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 213513 (2009).
• S. Tay, A. Kropachev, I. E. Araci, T. Skotheim, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Plasmonic thermal IR emitters based on nanoamorphous carbon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 07113 (2009).

2008

• P.-A. Blanche, S. Tay, R. Voorakaranam, P. St.-Hilaire, C. Christenson, T.Gu, W. Lin, D. Flores, P. Wang, M. Yamamoto, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “An updatable holographic display for 3D visualization,” J. Display Tech. 4, 424 (2008).
• D. T. Nguyen, C. Sheng, J. Thomas, R. Norwood, B. Kimball, D. M.. Steeves, and N. Peyghambarian, “Observation of nonlinear transmission enhancement in cavities filled with nonlinear organic materials,” Applied Optics 47, 5777 (2008).
• C. Sheng, R. A. Norwood, J. Wang, J. Thomas, Y. Wu, Z. Zheng, N. Tabirian, D. M. Steeves, B. R. Kimball, and N. Peyghambarian, “ Time resolved studies of photoinduced birefringence in azobenzene dye doped polymer films,” Applied Optics 47, 5074 (2008).
• P. Gangopadhyay, R. Voorakaranam, A. Lopez-Santiago, S. Foerier, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, A. Persoons, and N. Peyghambarian, “Faraday rotation measurements on thin films of regioregular alkyl-substituted potythiophene derivatives,” J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 8032 (2008).
• C. T. DeRose, D. Mathine, Y. Enami, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “Electro-optic polymer modulator with single-mode to multimode waveguide transitions,” IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 20, 1051 (2008).
• H. Gan, C. Greenlee, C. Sheng, R. A. Norwood, M. Fallahi, S. Wang, W. Lin, M. Yamamoto, M. Kathaperumal, and N. Peyghambarian, “Near-resonance electro-optic activity enhancement and improved modulation performance for polymer based Fabry-Perot interferometers,”  Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 203302 (2008).
• Y. Enami, D. Mathine, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “Transversely tapered hybrid electro-optic polymer/sol-gel Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 193508 (2008).
• C. J. Novotny, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, and P. K..L. Yu, “Linear electrooptic coefficient of InP nanowires,”  Nanoletters 8, 1020 (2008).
• S. Tay, P. A. Blanche, R. Voorakaranam, A. V. Tunc, W. Lin, S. Rokutanda, T. Gu, D. Flores, P. Wang, P. St. Hilaire, G. Li, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto and N. Peyghambarian, “An updateable 3D holographic display, “ Nature 451, 694 (2008).

2007

• S. Tay, J. Thomas, B. Momeni, M. Askari, A. Adibi, P. J. Hotchkiss, S. R. Marder, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “Planar photonic crystals infiltrated with nanoparticle/polymer composites,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221109 (2007).
• Y. Enami, D. Mathine, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “Hybrid cross-linkable polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators with 0.65 half-wave voltage at 1550nm,” Applied Physics Letters 91, 093505 (2007).
• M. Eralp, J. Thomas, S. Tay, P. A. Blanche, A. Schülzgen, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto, and N. Peyghambarian, “Variation of Bragg condition in low glass-transition photorefractive polymers when recorded in reflection geometry,” Optics Express 15, 11622 (2007).
• R. A. Norwood, C. DeRose, Y. Enami, H. Gan, C. Greenlee, R. Himmelhuber, O. Kropachev, C. Loychik, D. Mathine, Y. Merzylak, M. Fallahi, and N. Peyghambarian, “Hybrid sol-gel electro-optic polymer modulators:  Beating the drive voltage/loss tradeoff,” J. Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 16, 217 (2007).
• Y. Enami, C. T. DeRose, C. Loychik, C. Greenlee, D. Mathine, R. A. Norwood, T. D. Kim, J. Luo, Y. Tian, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “Hybrid polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators with exceptionally large electro-optic coefficients,” Nature Photonics 1, 180 (2007).

2006

• Y. Enami, C. T. DeRose, C. Loychik, D. Mathine, R. A. Norwood, J.Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, and N. Peyghambarian, “Low half-wave voltage and high electro-optic effect in hybrid polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators,”  Applied Physics Letters 89, 143506 (2006).
• M. Eralp, J. Thomas, S. Tay, G. Li, A. Schulzgen, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto, and N. Peyghambarian, “Submillisecond response of a photorefractive polymer under single nanosecond pulse exposure,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 114105 (2006).
• C. T. DeRose, Y. Enami, C. Loychik, R. A. Norwood, D. Mathine, M. Fallahi, N. Peyghambarian, J. D. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, M. Katheperumal, and M. Yamamoto, “Pockel’s coefficient enhancement of poled electro-optic polymers with a hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gel cladding layer,” Applied Physics Letters 89, 131102 (2006).
• H. Gan, H. Zhang, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, M. Fallahi, J. Luo, A. K.-Y. Jen, B. Liu, S. Ho, and N. Peyghambarian, “Hybrid Fabry-Perot etalon using an electro-optic polymer for optical modulation,”  Applied Physics Letters 89, 141113 (2006).
• H. Gan, H. Zhang, C. T. DeRose, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, M. Fallahi, J. Luo, B. Chen, and A. K.-Y. Jen, “Low drive voltage Fabry-Perot etalon device tunable filters using poled hybrid sol-gel materials,”  Applied Physics Letters 89, 041127 (2006).
• M. Eralp, J. Thomas, G. Li, S. Tay, A. Schülzgen, R. A. Norwood, N. Peyghambarian, and M. Yamamoto, “Photorefractive polymer device with video-rate response time operating at low voltages,” Optics Letters 31, 1408 (2006).

2005

• S. Tay, J. Thomas, M. Eralp, G. Li, J. Winiarcz, M. Yamamoto, S. Barlow, G. A. Walker, S. R. Marder, R. A. Norwood, A. Schülzgen and N. Peyghambarian, “High performance photorefractive polymer operating at 1550nm with near-video-rate response time,” Applied  Physics  Letters  87, 171105 (2005).
• G. Li, M. Eralp, J. Thomas, S. Tay, A. Schülzgen, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, “All-optical dynamic correction of distorted communication signals using a photorefractive polymeric hologram,” Applied Physics Letters 86, 161103 (2005).

1999

• L. Eldada, R. Blomquist, M. Maxfield, D. Pant, G. Boudoughian, C. Poga and R. A. Norwood “Thermo-optic planar polymer Bragg grating OADM’s with broad tuning range,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 11, 448 (1999).

1998

• L. Eldada, S. Yin, C. Poga, C. Glass, R. Blomquist and R. A. Norwood “Integrated multichannel OADM’s using polymer Bragg grating MZI’s,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 10, 1416 (1998).
• R. A. Norwood, S. Emo, J. Holman, L. Shacklette, N. Tabatabaie and H. Guckel “Fast, low insertion loss optical switch using lithographically defined electromagnetic microactuators and polymeric passive alignment structures,” Applied Physics Letters 73, 3187 (1998).

1997

• H. Grebel, J. L. Graziani, S. Vijayalakshmi, L. W. Shacklette, K.M.T. Stengel, L. Eldada, R. A. Norwood, and J. T. Yardley, “Self-imaging chirped holographic optical waveguides,” Appl. Opt. 36, 9391 (1997).

1996

• C. Xu, L. Eldada, C. Wu, L. W. Shacklette, R. A. Norwood and J. T. Yardley,  “Photoimageable, low shrinkage organic-inorganic hybrid materials for practical multimode channel waveguides,” Chemistry of Materials  8, 2701 (1996)
• H. Yamamoto, S. Funato, T. Sugiyama, R. E. Johnson, R. A. Norwood, J. Jung, T. Kinoshita, and K. Sasaki, “Linear and nonlinear optical properties of a new organic crystal, N-(4-aminobenzene-sulfonyl)acetamide,” Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 13, 837 (1996).
• J. T. Yardley, L. Eldada, R. A. Norwood, K. M. T. Stengel, L. W. Shacklette, C. Wu, and C. Xu, “Toward the practical application of polymeric interconnection technology,” Nonlinear Optics 15, 443 (1996).
• H. Yamamoto, S. Funato, T. Sugiyama, R. E. Johnson, R. A. Norwood, T. Kinoshita, and K. Sasaki, “A four-layer optical waveguide frequency doubler using isopropyl-4-acetylphenylurea,” Nonlinear Optics .

1994

• H. Yamamoto, S. Funato, T. Sugiyama, R. E. Johnson, R. A. Norwood, T. Kinoshita, and K. Sasaki, “Linear and nonlinear optical properties of a novel organic crystal N-(4-aminobenzenesulfonyl)acetamide (ABSA),” Polymer Preprints, 35, 291 (1994).
• Sounik, J. R., Norwood, R. A., Popolo, J., Holcomb, D. R. and Ghatani, S. S. (1994), Silicon phthalocyanine/methyl methacrylate copolymer slab directional couplers for all-optical switching. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 53: 677–685.
• R. A. Norwood, M. G. Kuzyk and R. A. Keosian, “Electro-optic tensor ratio determination for side-chain copolymers with electro-optic interferometry,” Journal of Applied Physics 75, 1869 (1994).

1993

• R. A. Norwood, D. R. Holcomb and F. So, “Polymers for nonlinear optics:  absorption, two-photon absorption and photodegradation,” Nonlinear Optics 6, 193 (1993).
• T. E. Mates, C. K. Ober, and R. A. Norwood, “Conductivity and third order nonlinear optical measurements of polymers with distyrylbenzene and diphenyl butadiene segments,” Chemistry of Materials 5, 217 (1993).

1992

• R. A. Norwood, J. R. Sounik, J. Popolo, D. R. Holcomb, D. Swanson, R. Spitzer, and C. Hansen, “Nonlinear Bragg mirror based on silicon phthalocyanine copolymer,” Optics Letters 8, 577 (1992).
• R. A. Norwood and J. R. Sounik, “Third order nonlinear optical response in polymer thin films incorporating porphyrin derivatives,” Applied Physics Letters 60, 295 (1992).

1990

• R. A. Norwood and G. Khanarian, “Quasi-phasematched frequency doubling over 5 mm in a periodically poled polymer waveguide,” Electronics Letters 26, 2105 (1990).
• J. Stamatoff, R. DeMartino, D. Haas, G. Khanarian, H. T. Man, R. A. Norwood and H. N. Yoon, “Critical requirements for non-linear optical polymeric materials in active optical devices:  The present state and prospects for the future,” Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 183, 151 (1990).
• G. Khanarian, R. A. Norwood, D. Haas, B. Feuer, and D. Karim, “Phasematched second harmonic generation in a polymeric waveguide,” Applied Physics Letters 57, 977 (1990).

1989

• J. W. Wu, J. R. Heflin, R. A. Norwood, K. Y. Wong, O. Zamani-Khamiri, A. F. Garito, P. Kalyanaraman, and J. R. Sounik, “Nonlinear optical processes in lower dimensional conjugated structures,” Journal of the Optical Society of America B6, 707 (1989).
• M. Kuzyk, R. A. Norwood, J. W. Wu, and A.F. Garito, “Frequency dependence of the optical Kerr effect and third-order electronic nonlinear optical processes of organic liquids,” Journal of the Optical Society of America B6, 154 (1989).

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